Wednesday, 3 December 2014
Wednesday, 26 November 2014
Juvenile Delinquency?
- Juvenile delinquency, also known as "juvenile offending".
- Crime committed by children and adolescents under statutory age is called juvenile delinquency. The age limit for delinquency in India is always below 18 years. Generally, any person between the ages 7 to 18, who violates the law, is considered as delinquent and persons above this age are considered as criminals.
- Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers, and courts.
- Juvenile offending is disproportionately committed by young men. Ideas of masculinity may make young men more likely to offend. Being tough, powerful, aggressive, daring and competitive becomes a way for young men to assert and express their masculinity. Acting out these ideals may make young men more likely to engage in antisocial and criminal behavior.
Risk Factors:
The two largest predictors of juvenile delinquency are
- parenting style, with the two styles most likely to predict delinquency being
- peer group association, particularly with antisocial peer groups, as is more likely when adolescents are left unsupervised.
·
poor school
readiness/performance and/or failure,
·
peer rejection, or
·
The media.
Prevention:
Prevention services may
include activities such as
- family counseling,
- youth mentoring,
- parenting education,
- educational support, and
- youth sheltering.
- The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 is the primary legal framework for juvenile justice in India. The Act provides for a special approach towards the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency and provides a framework for the protection, treatment and rehabilitation of children in the purview of the juvenile justice system.
Tuesday, 11 November 2014
IMPORTANT FORENSIC VIVA QUESTIONS FOR UNDERGRADUATES.
1. Washburn ischiopubic index is an index used to calculate sex.
Pubic length (mm)
* 100.
Ischial length(mm)
male: 73-94; female: 91-115.
2. Wet starvation: some starved individuals in contrast to the generalized drying up of tissues in most cases, may develop oedema of face, trunk, and extremities, in association with pleural effusion and ascites is called Wet Starvation.
3. Yellow poppy: (prickly poppy)
common name for the plant Argemone mexicana.(Mexican poppy).
4. Vagitus uterinus: During the process of delivery crying of a child in the uterus after the
membranes have ruptured.
Vagitus vaginalis: During the process of delivery crying of a child in the vagina after the
membranes have ruptured.
5. Toxic salts of Copper:
Chemical name Common name
Copper acetoarsenite ----------- Paris green
Copper arsenite ----------- Scheele's green
Copper subacetate ----------- Verdigris
Copper sulphate ----------- Blue vitriol.
6. Vin rose urine: pinkish discolouration of the urine in IRON poisoning.
7.Volitional act: refers to the ability of a fatally injured person to move and perform certain actions after sustaining an injury , before finally collapsing.
8. White lady: slang name for COCAINE.
9. Wolfs bane: common name for ACONITE. other names are Monk's Hood, Devil's Helmet.
10. Suicide tree is CERBERA ODOLLAM, bcoz the fruits look like small mangoes and contain active principle Cerberin, which has similarities to Digoxin in mode of action.
11. Zenanas: Male transvestites.
Hijras: castrated males.
12. Abreaction: a process of bringing to conscious awareness, previously suppressed unconscious conflicts and emotions.
13. Accoucher's hand: Hypoglycemia (tetany), characterised by tonic muscle spasms, cramping leading to Accoucher' hand, seen in Oxalic Acid poisoning.
14. Acrodynia (Pink disease): mainly seen in children due to Chronic Mercury poisoning.
15. Actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea: means 'the physical act alone does not make a person guilty; the mental component in the form of evil intent (guilty mind) is equally important' for a criminal act.
16. Adler's test: another name for Benzidine test, which is used for detection of blood.
17. Chinese restaurant syndrome: caused by Monosodium Glutamate (Ajinomoto, Accent), which is used as flavouring agent in foods, especially Chinese food, sausages.
18. ALI's test: American Law Institute's test (1962), used as a test of criminal responsibility in most criminal cases in the USA today.
19. Evidence for estimating the time since death generally falls under the following 3 categories:
Corporal evidence: that which is present in dead body.
Environmental and associated evidence: that which is present in the vicinity and general
surroundings of the deceased.
Anamnastic evidence: that which is based on the deceased's ordinary habits, movements and
day-to-day activity.
20. Bagging: Inhalantion volatile substances like tolune, petrol etc., are typically inhaled by pouring into a plastic or paper bag is called as Bagging.
21. Angel dust: Phencyclidine (PCP, Peace pill, Super grass).
22. Barnes sign: flattening of the anterior vaginal wall because of upward tilting of the cervix (presumptive sign of pregnancy).
23. Anticipatory bail: it is a direction granted by the Session's or High court to release a person on bail issued even before the person is arrested.
24. Bhilawanol: active priciple of Semecarpus Anacardium (Marking nut).
25. Assisted suicide: synonym for Euthanasia (Mercy killing, Aid-in-dying, Self deliverance).
26. Types of Lead shot:
Buck shot: consist of large pellets of avg. diameter 6-8 mm. Used for big game hunting.
Bird shot: consist of lead pellets of avg. diameter 3.5 mm. Used for small game hunting.
Dust shot: consists of extremely fine particles.
27: Blanket consent: for routine examinations and treatment, a broad-based consent i.e blanket consent is sufficient.
28. Blister beetle: Cantharis vesicatoria (Spanish fly).
29. Common names of Mushrooms:
Species Common name
Amanita muscaria Fly agaric
Amanita phalloides Death cap.
Psilocybe caerulipes Blue foot
Psilocybe semilanceata Magic mushroom/ Liberty cap.
30. Bolt: The part of the firearm which incorporate the firing pin, spring, and trigger is called the bolt.
31. Boyde's method: method of estimating age of infants by counting the number of incremental lines over the enamel.
32. Brompton's cocktail: mixture of Cocaine, Morphine, Chlorpromazine, and Alcohol, which was previously popular as a pain reliever in terminal cancer.
33. Bronze diabetes: in some individuals with inborn errors, even normal dietary Iron can cause toxic effects due to accumulation, causing Haemochromatosis, also called Bronze Diabetes.
34. Butch: in lesbinism, the active lesbian is known as a butch or Dyke, while the passive agent is called a Femme.
Pubic length (mm)
* 100.
Ischial length(mm)
male: 73-94; female: 91-115.
2. Wet starvation: some starved individuals in contrast to the generalized drying up of tissues in most cases, may develop oedema of face, trunk, and extremities, in association with pleural effusion and ascites is called Wet Starvation.
3. Yellow poppy: (prickly poppy)
common name for the plant Argemone mexicana.(Mexican poppy).
4. Vagitus uterinus: During the process of delivery crying of a child in the uterus after the
membranes have ruptured.
Vagitus vaginalis: During the process of delivery crying of a child in the vagina after the
membranes have ruptured.
5. Toxic salts of Copper:
Chemical name Common name
Copper acetoarsenite ----------- Paris green
Copper arsenite ----------- Scheele's green
Copper subacetate ----------- Verdigris
Copper sulphate ----------- Blue vitriol.
6. Vin rose urine: pinkish discolouration of the urine in IRON poisoning.
7.Volitional act: refers to the ability of a fatally injured person to move and perform certain actions after sustaining an injury , before finally collapsing.
8. White lady: slang name for COCAINE.
9. Wolfs bane: common name for ACONITE. other names are Monk's Hood, Devil's Helmet.
10. Suicide tree is CERBERA ODOLLAM, bcoz the fruits look like small mangoes and contain active principle Cerberin, which has similarities to Digoxin in mode of action.
11. Zenanas: Male transvestites.
Hijras: castrated males.
12. Abreaction: a process of bringing to conscious awareness, previously suppressed unconscious conflicts and emotions.
13. Accoucher's hand: Hypoglycemia (tetany), characterised by tonic muscle spasms, cramping leading to Accoucher' hand, seen in Oxalic Acid poisoning.
14. Acrodynia (Pink disease): mainly seen in children due to Chronic Mercury poisoning.
15. Actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea: means 'the physical act alone does not make a person guilty; the mental component in the form of evil intent (guilty mind) is equally important' for a criminal act.
16. Adler's test: another name for Benzidine test, which is used for detection of blood.
17. Chinese restaurant syndrome: caused by Monosodium Glutamate (Ajinomoto, Accent), which is used as flavouring agent in foods, especially Chinese food, sausages.
18. ALI's test: American Law Institute's test (1962), used as a test of criminal responsibility in most criminal cases in the USA today.
19. Evidence for estimating the time since death generally falls under the following 3 categories:
Corporal evidence: that which is present in dead body.
Environmental and associated evidence: that which is present in the vicinity and general
surroundings of the deceased.
Anamnastic evidence: that which is based on the deceased's ordinary habits, movements and
day-to-day activity.
20. Bagging: Inhalantion volatile substances like tolune, petrol etc., are typically inhaled by pouring into a plastic or paper bag is called as Bagging.
21. Angel dust: Phencyclidine (PCP, Peace pill, Super grass).
22. Barnes sign: flattening of the anterior vaginal wall because of upward tilting of the cervix (presumptive sign of pregnancy).
23. Anticipatory bail: it is a direction granted by the Session's or High court to release a person on bail issued even before the person is arrested.
24. Bhilawanol: active priciple of Semecarpus Anacardium (Marking nut).
25. Assisted suicide: synonym for Euthanasia (Mercy killing, Aid-in-dying, Self deliverance).
26. Types of Lead shot:
Buck shot: consist of large pellets of avg. diameter 6-8 mm. Used for big game hunting.
Bird shot: consist of lead pellets of avg. diameter 3.5 mm. Used for small game hunting.
Dust shot: consists of extremely fine particles.
27: Blanket consent: for routine examinations and treatment, a broad-based consent i.e blanket consent is sufficient.
28. Blister beetle: Cantharis vesicatoria (Spanish fly).
29. Common names of Mushrooms:
Species Common name
Amanita muscaria Fly agaric
Amanita phalloides Death cap.
Psilocybe caerulipes Blue foot
Psilocybe semilanceata Magic mushroom/ Liberty cap.
30. Bolt: The part of the firearm which incorporate the firing pin, spring, and trigger is called the bolt.
31. Boyde's method: method of estimating age of infants by counting the number of incremental lines over the enamel.
32. Brompton's cocktail: mixture of Cocaine, Morphine, Chlorpromazine, and Alcohol, which was previously popular as a pain reliever in terminal cancer.
33. Bronze diabetes: in some individuals with inborn errors, even normal dietary Iron can cause toxic effects due to accumulation, causing Haemochromatosis, also called Bronze Diabetes.
34. Butch: in lesbinism, the active lesbian is known as a butch or Dyke, while the passive agent is called a Femme.
Monday, 10 November 2014
what does VITRIOLAGE means and mention its medico leal importance?
- Another name for Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4) is Oil of Vitriol.
- Definition of Vitriolage: Throwing of sulphuric acid on another individual is known as vitriolage.
- Jealous or disgruntled persons may throw a corrosive to disfigure and harm their enemies.
- They are penetrating burns and predispose to infection.
- Blindness may occur if the eyes are involved.
- Death may result from shock or toxaemia, if extensive area is involved.
- The burns are painless.
- Repair is slow and scar tissue causes contracture.
- Sometimes, Nitric acid, Carbolic acid, corrosive alkali or juice of marking nut (Semecarpus Anacardium) or Calotropis are used.
Rx:1.
wash the affected parts with plenty of water and soap or sodium carbonate
or potassium carbonate. Later, a thick paste of magnesium oxide or carbonate
is
applied.
2. eyes
are washed with water and irrigated with a dilute NaCO3 solution. Later, a few drops of
olive oil or cator oil are installed into
eyes.
3. Treat the shock.
4. Antibiotics to prevent infection.
MEDICO LEGAL IMPORTANCE:
Section 326 IPC: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.
Section 326(A) IPC: Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.
imprisonment for a term which shall not be <10 yrs but which may
extend to imprisonment for life, and with fine.
Section 326(B) IPC: Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid.
imprisonment for a term which shall not be <5 yrs but which may
extend to 7 yrs, and with fine.
Thursday, 6 November 2014
What is an Inquest? Write about types of Inquest?
Definition: An inquest is a legal inquiry into the circumstances and cause of death.
in which circumstances it is conducted: it is conducted in cases of sudden, suspicious, or unnatural deaths.
Types of Inquest: 1. Police Inquest.
2. Magistrate's Inquest.
3. Coroner's Inquest.
4. Medical Examiner's Inquest.
Police and Magistrate's Inquest are commonly held in India.
1. Police Inquest:
in which circumstances it is conducted: it is conducted in cases of sudden, suspicious, or unnatural deaths.
Types of Inquest: 1. Police Inquest.
2. Magistrate's Inquest.
3. Coroner's Inquest.
4. Medical Examiner's Inquest.
Police and Magistrate's Inquest are commonly held in India.
1. Police Inquest:
- conducted by an officer in charge of a police station (sec. 174 Cr.P.C).
- the police officer making the inquest is known as Investigating Officer (IO).
- on receipt of information of an unnatural death, the police officer informs the nearest magistrate, and proceeds to the the place of death.
- IO then conducts an inquest in the presence of two or more respectable inhabitants of the neighbourhood (panchas).
- after the necessary investigation, a report is drawn up on the apparent cause of death as judged by the state of the body,circumstancial evidence, etc. This document is called Panchanama or Inquest Report.
- if any foul play or unnatural death is suspected, the police officer forwards the body for postmortem examination to the nearest medical officer, along with a written request and a copy of the panchanama.
- conducted by a District Magistrate(Collector/Deputy Commissioner), Sub-divisional Magistrate(RDO), Tahsildar or any other executive magistrate.
- done in cases of a) Dowry death.
- b) Death of a convict in prison
- c) Death of a person in police custody
- d) Death of a person as a result of police firing
- e) Death in psychiatric hospital
- f) Exhumation.
- in any case of death, a Magistrate may conduct an inquest, instead of or in addition to the police inquest (sec. 176 Cr.P.C).
- conducted by a coroner who is either a medical professional with legal qualifications, or a graduate in law.
- this system of inquest does not exist anywhere in India.
- it is prevalent method of inquiry in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and some states of the USA.
- coroner conducts inquest in all unnatural and suspicious deaths.
- type of inquest conducted in most of the states of USA, Japan.
- all sudden, unexpected, or unnatural deaths are analysed by a medical examiner who is a forensic pathologist.
- as the doctor visits the scene of crime and conducts the inquest it is superior to all other types of inquest.